Finishing technique effect on strength of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two finishing techniques, glazing or polishing, in comparison with the as-cut condition, on the biaxial-flexural-strength (BFS) of a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (ZLS). Cylinders were milled from CAD/CAM blocks and sliced to obtain disc-shaped specimens (ISO6872:2015). Polished and glazed specimens were processed following the manufacturer's instructions. Thirty-three specimens were obtained for each condition and microstructural and BFS/fractographic characterizations were performed. BFS and roughness data were analyzed using Weibull statistics and ANOVA one-way with Tukey post-hoc test, respectively. While a rougher surface was observed for as-cut specimens, smoother surfaces were observed for polished and glazed ZLS at microscopical evaluation and confirmed through surface-roughness evaluation. X-ray spectra depicted a glass phase for all groups and characteristic metasilicate, lithium disilicate, and lithium phosphate peaks for the as-cut and polished specimens. Glazed specimens showed higher characteristic strength than polished and as-cut specimens, which did not differ significantly. While higher Weibull-modulus was observed for the polished than for the as-cut specimens, no statistically significant differences were noted between glazed and polished, and between glazed and as-cut specimens. ZLS presents higher strength when glazed, and polishing increases the structural reliability of the material relative to the as-cut condition. Both finishing techniques reduced surface roughness similarly.

Minimally processed recycled yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia for dental applications: Effect of sintering temperature on glass infiltration.

This study aimed to develop a recycling process for the remnants of milled 3Y-TZP and enhance their properties using glass infiltration. 3Y-TZP powder was gathered from the vacuum system of CAD-CAM milling equipment, calcined and sieved (x < 75 µm). One hundred twenty discs were fabricated and pre-sintered at 1000 °C/h. These specimens were then divided into four groups, categorized by glass infiltration (non-infiltrated [Zr] or glass-infiltrated [Zr-G]) and sintering temperature (1450 °C [Zr-1450] or 1550 °C [Zr-1550]/2h). After sintering, the specimens were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), relative density measurement, and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The biaxial flexural strength test was performed according to the ISO 6872 and followed by fractographic analysis. Subsequent results were analyzed using Weibull statistics. Relative density values of the sintered specimens from Zr-1450 and Zr-1550 groups were 86.7 ± 1.5% and 92.2 ± 1.7%, respectively. Particle size distribution revealed particles within the range of 0.1-100 µm. XRD analysis highlighted the presence of the ZrO2-tetragonal in both the Zr-1450 and Zr-1550 groups. Glass infiltration, however, led to the formation of the ZrO2-monoclinic of 9.84% (Zr-1450-G) and 18.34% (Zr-1550-G). SEM micrographs demonstrated similar microstructural characteristics for Zr-1450 and Zr-1550, whereas the glass-infiltrated groups exhibited comparable infiltration patterns. The highest characteristic strength was observed in the glass-infiltrated groups. Fractographic analyses suggested that fracture origins were related to defects on the tensile side, which propagated to the compression side of the samples. Both the sintering temperature and glass infiltration significantly influenced the mechanical properties of the 3Y-TZP recycled.

Influence of abrasive dentifrices on polymeric reconstructive material properties after simulated toothbrushing.

To assess the influence of dentifrices with different abrasiveness levels on the properties of dental reconstructive materials. Forty-eight cylinders were obtained from four polymeric materials, being two CAD/CAM acrylic resins (Ivotion-Dent and Ivotion-Base), one injected acrylic resin (IvoBase-Hydrid) and one light-cured resin composite (Empress Direct). Specimens were allocated to four subgroups for toothbrushing simulation according to the dentifrice relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) and silica content: (i) RDA 0 = 0%; (ii) RDA 50 = 3%; (iii) RDA 100 = 10%; and (iv) RDA 120 = 25%. Specimens were then subjected to toothbrushing. Surface analyses [surface roughness Ra (SR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] along with hardness and optical properties [translucency parameter (TP) and contrast ratio (CR)] were evaluated before and after toothbrushing. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Tukey test. A significant increase in SR was observed after toothbrushing with higher RDA toothpastes for Ivotion-Dent (100 and 120) and IvoBase-Hybrid (120). Ivotion-Base and Empress Direct presented no significant differences in SR when analyzed as a function of timepoint and RDA levels. Hardness was not influenced by toothbrushing with different RDA dentifrices, except for Empress Direct with RDA 0 toothpaste, where a decrease in the hardness was observed. TP of Ivotion-Dent and Empress Direct significantly decreased after toothbrushing with higher RDA dentifrices and CR of Ivotion-Dent, Empress Direct and IvoBase-Hybrid significantly increased with higher RDA dentifrices. The levels of dentifrice abrasiveness affected differently the SR, hardness and optical properties of polymeric reconstructive materials after toothbrushing.

Wear of dental ceramics / Desgaste das cerâmicas odontológicas

Com base no desenvolvimento da odontologia adesiva, restaurações minimamente invasivas em cerâmica são utilizadas como alternativas para restaurar um dente. As cerâmicas odontológicas são amplamente aplicadas na área odontológica principalmente devido à sua estética e resistência mecânica. Uma das propriedades da cerâmica a ser bem conhecida antes de seu uso, é a resistência ao desgaste que deve ser compatível com o comportamento de desgaste do antagonista para evitar desempenhos indesejados. Portanto, vários métodos têm sido realizados para avaliar o comportamento do desgaste dos materiais cerâmicos considerando diferentes condições presentes no complexo meio oral. Este estudo teve como objetivo compilar os métodos utilizados para investigar o desgaste das cerâmicas odontológicas e descrever os mecanismos de desgaste envolvidos nos mesmos. A obtenção e análise de dados também é abordada para discutir os resultados obtidos a partir de diferentes métodos, bem como a análise clínica do desgaste e perspectivas futuras sobre esse tema. Em conclusão, muitas metodologias estão disponíveis para medir o desgaste cerâmico. Portanto, os métodos devem ser selecionados com base na relevência clínica de cada estudo e devem seguir parâmetros previamente relatados para padronização, permitindo a comparação da literatura (AU)

Based on the development of adhesive dentistry, minimally invasive restorations in ceramics are used as alternatives to restore a tooth. Dental ceramics are largely applied in the dentistry field mainly due to their esthetic and mechanical strength. One of the ceramic properties to be well known before its use is the wear resistance that should be compatible with the antagonist wear behavior to avoid unwanted performance. Therefore, several methods have been performed to assess the ceramic materials wear behavior considering different conditions present in the complex oral medium. This study aimed to compile the methods used to investigate dental ceramics wear and to describe the wear mechanisms involved on them. Obtaining and analyzing data is also addressed to discuss the results obtained from different methods, as well as the clinical analysis of wear and future perspectives on this topic. In conclusion, many methodologies are available to measure the ceramic wear. Therefore, the methods must be selected based on the clinical significance of each study and should follow previously reported parameters for standardization, allowing literature comparison. (AU)

Silica infiltration on translucent zirconia restorations: Effects on the antagonist wear and survivability.

OBJECTIVE: To assess potential antagonist wear and survival probability of silica-infiltrated zirconia compared to glass-graded, glazed, and polished zirconia. METHODS: Table top restorations made of 3Y-TZP (3Y), 5Y-PSZ (5Y), and lithium disilicate (LD) were bonded onto epoxy resin preparations. Each zirconia was divided into five groups according to the surface treatment: polishing; glaze; polishing-glaze; glass infiltration; and silica infiltration. The LD restorations received a glaze layer. Specimens were subjected to sliding fatigue wear using a steatite antagonist (1.25 ×106 cycles, 200 N). The presence of cracks, fractures, and/or debonding was checked every one/third of the total number of cycles was completed. Roughness, microstructural, Scanning electron microscopy, wear and residual stress analyses were conducted. Kaplan-Meier, Mantel-Cox (log-rank) and ANOVA tests were performed for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The survival probability was different among the groups. Silica infiltration and polishing-glaze led to lower volume loss than glaze and glass-infiltration. Difference was observed for roughness among the zirconia and surface treatment, while lithium disilicate presented similar roughness compared to both glazed zirconia. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the removal of the surface treatment after sliding fatigue wear in all groups. Compressive stress was detected on 3Y surfaces, while tensile stress was observed on 5Y. SIGNIFICANCE: 3Y and 5Y zirconia behaved similarly regarding antagonist wear, presenting higher antagonist wear than the glass ceramic. Silica-infiltrated and polished-glazed zirconia produced lower antagonist volume loss than glazed and glass-infiltrated zirconia. Silica-infiltrated 3Y and lithium disilicate restorations were the only groups to show survival probabilities lower than 85%.

Fadiga deslizante em restaurações de zircônia translúcida submetidas a diferentes acabamentos de superfície: probabilidade de sobrevivência e potencial de desgaste / Sliding contact fatigue in translucent zirconia restorations submitted to different surface finishes: survival probability and wear potential

Este estudo avaliou influência de diferentes métodos de acabamento de superfície na probabilidade de sobrevivência de restaurações de zircônia translúcida e o potencial de desgaste ao antagonista. Foram utilizados 220 preparos confeccionados em resina epóxi (Nema G10) que receberam restaurações do tipo "table top" de zircônia e dissilicato de lítio (1.0 mm de espessura), 100 em YZ HT, 100 em KATANA UTML e 20 em IPS e.max CAD. Cada grupo de zircônia foi dividido em cinco subgrupos de acordo com o acabamento de superfície: Polimento - borrachas diamantadas com 2 granulações; Glaze - camada de glaze; Polimento e Glaze - polimento e glaze associados; Infiltração com sílica; Infiltração com vidro. As restaurações de dissilicato de lítio receberam uma camada de glaze. Os espécimes foram submetidos à fadiga deslizante em uma máquina de ensaio com carga de 200 N, a uma frequência de 4 Hz, totalizando 1.250.000 ciclos. A cada 416.666 ciclos a máquina foi interrompida e as restaurações foram avaliadas quanto à presença de falhas em estereomicroscópio. O antagonista foi analisado quanto aos parâmetros de desgaste. Foram realizadas análises de rugosidade, microestruturais e fractográfica. Kaplan ­ Meier, Mantel ­ Cox (log-rank) e ANOVA compararam os dados. Não foram observadas diferenças para profundidade de desgaste entre os grupos de zircônia, porém os acabamentos glaze e infiltração de vidro promoveram maior volume de desgaste do que a infiltração de sílica e polimento e glaze. Ambas zircônias promoveram maior profundidade e volume de desgaste ao antagonista do que o dissilicato de lítio. Foi observada diferença na rugosidade entre o tipo de zircônia e os acabamentos de superfície, enquanto que o dissilicato de lítio apresentou rugosidade semelhante as zircônias com glaze. Micrografias (MEV) demonstraram a remoção dos acabamentos de superfície após a fadiga deslizante para todos os grupos. A análise fractográfica demonstrou que as fraturas tiveram início na área de contato oclusal e a análise de cross-section demonstrou que Katana e e.max CAD apresentaram mais defeitos na superfície após a fadiga do que a Vita. A zircônia Vita apresentou maior probabilidade de sobrevivência comparado a Katana e ao dissilicato de lítio. Restaurações de zircônia com os acabamentos polimento+glaze e infiltração de sílica promoveram menor volume de desgaste ao antagonista comparadas as restaurações de zircônia com glaze ou infiltradas com vidro, enquanto o polimento apresentou o mesmo potencial abrasivo de todos os acabamentos. Além disso, a vitrocerâmica apresentou menor potencial de desgaste do antagonista do que ambas as zircônias.

This study evaluated the surface finishes influence on the survival probability of translucent zirconia restorations and also the wear potential against steatite antagonist. 220 epoxy resin (Nema G10) preparations received zirconia and lithium disilicate table top restorations (1.0 mm thickness), 100 milled in YZ HT, 100 in KATANA UTML and 20 in IPS e.max CAD. Each zirconia group was divided into five subgroups according to the surface finish: Polishing (P) 2 granulations diamond rubbers; Glaze (G) glaze layer; Polishing and Glaze (PG) polishing and glaze associated; Silica infiltration (IS); Glass infiltration (IV). The lithium disilicate restorations received a glaze layer (EG). The specimens were submitted to sliding fatigue test in a mechanical machine against steatite sphere. The parameters were: 200 N loads, 4 Hz of frequency, totaling 1,250,000 cycles. Every 416,666 cycles the restorations were evaluated in stereomicroscope for failures presence (cracks, fractures or detachment of the restorations). Roughness, microstructural, fractographic and wear analysis were performed. Kaplan­Meier, Mantel­Cox (log-rank) and ANOVA compared the data. The failure survival was different among the groups. No difference was observed for wear depth among zirconia groups, whereas glaze and glass infiltration promoted greater volume loss than silica infiltration and polishing plus glaze. Both zirconia promoted greater volume loss and wear depth to the antagonist than lithium disilicate. Difference was observed for roughness among the zirconia and surface finishes, while lithium disilicate presented similar roughness compared to both glazed zirconia. Micrographs (SEM) showed the surface finishes removal after sliding fatigue for all groups. Fractographic analysis showed occlusal contact area as fractures origin and the cross-section analysis showed that Katana and e.max CAD presented more surface defects after fatigue than Vita. The Vita restorations presented higher survival probability compared to Katana and lithium disilicate restorations. Zirconia polished+glaze and silica infiltration promoted less antagonist volume loss compared to glazed or glass infiltrated, while polishing had the same wear potential as all finishes. In addition, the glass-ceramic presented less potential to wear the antagonist than both zirconia.

Effect of glazing application side and mechanical cycling on the biaxial flexural strength and Weibull characteristics of a Y-TZP ceramic.

OBJECTIVE: Glaze application on monolithic zirconia (Y-TZP) can be a practical approach to improve the mechanical properties of this material. Our study evaluated the effect of glazing side and mechanical cycling on the biaxial flexure strength (BFS) of a Y-TZP. METHODOLOGY: Eighty sintered Y-TZP discs (Ø:12 mm; thickness: 1.2 mm - ISO 6872) were produced and randomly assigned into eight groups (n=10), according to the factors "glazing side" (control - no glazing; GT - glaze on tensile side; GC - glaze on compression side; GTC - glaze on both sides) and "mechanical aging" (non-aged and aged, A - mechanical cycling: 1.2×106, 84 N, 3 Hz, under water at 37°C). Specimens were subjected to BFS test (1 mm/min; 1,000 Kgf load cell) and fractured surfaces were analyzed by stereomicroscopy and SEM. Hsueh's rigorous solutions were used to estimate the stress at failure of glazed specimens. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey's test (5%), and Weibull analysis were performed. RESULTS: The "glazing side", "mechanical aging" and the interaction of the factors were significant (p<0.05). Groups GC (1157.9±146.9 MPa), GT (1156.1±195.3 MPa), GTC (986.0±187.4 MPa) and GTC-A (1131.9±128.9 MPa) presented higher BFS than control groups (Tukey, 5%). Hsueh's rigorous solutions showed that the maximum tensile stress was presented in the bottom of zirconia layer, at the zirconia/glaze interface. Weibull characteristic strength (σo) of the GC was higher than all groups (p<0.05), except to GT, GTC-A and GTC, which were similar among them. The fractography showed initiation of failures from zirconia the tensile side regardless of the side of glaze application and fatigue. CONCLUSION: Glazing zirconia applied on both tensile and compression sides improves the flexural strength of Y-TZP, regardless the mechanical aging.

Effect of glazing application side and mechanical cycling on the biaxial flexural strength and Weibull characteristics of a Y-TZP ceramic

Abstract Glaze application on monolithic zirconia (Y-TZP) can be a practical approach to improve the mechanical properties of this material. Objective Our study evaluated the effect of glazing side and mechanical cycling on the biaxial flexure strength (BFS) of a Y-TZP. Methodology Eighty sintered Y-TZP discs (Ø:12 mm; thickness: 1.2 mm - ISO 6872) were produced and randomly assigned into eight groups (n=10), according to the factors "glazing side" (control - no glazing; GT - glaze on tensile side; GC - glaze on compression side; GTC - glaze on both sides) and "mechanical aging" (non-aged and aged, A - mechanical cycling: 1.2×106, 84 N, 3 Hz, under water at 37°C). Specimens were subjected to BFS test (1 mm/min; 1,000 Kgf load cell) and fractured surfaces were analyzed by stereomicroscopy and SEM. Hsueh's rigorous solutions were used to estimate the stress at failure of glazed specimens. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey's test (5%), and Weibull analysis were performed. Results The "glazing side", "mechanical aging" and the interaction of the factors were significant (p<0.05). Groups GC (1157.9±146.9 MPa), GT (1156.1±195.3 MPa), GTC (986.0±187.4 MPa) and GTC-A (1131.9±128.9 MPa) presented higher BFS than control groups (Tukey, 5%). Hsueh's rigorous solutions showed that the maximum tensile stress was presented in the bottom of zirconia layer, at the zirconia/glaze interface. Weibull characteristic strength (σo) of the GC was higher than all groups (p<0.05), except to GT, GTC-A and GTC, which were similar among them. The fractography showed initiation of failures from zirconia the tensile side regardless of the side of glaze application and fatigue. Conclusion Glazing zirconia applied on both tensile and compression sides improves the flexural strength of Y-TZP, regardless the mechanical aging.

The Wear Performance of Glazed and Polished Full Contour Zirconia.

This study evaluated the influence of zirconia surface finishes on the wear of an enamel analogue. 40 zirconia discs were divided into four groups: control (without finish); glazed; polished; polished and glazed. All samples were subjected to wear against steatite antagonists. The specimens underwent roughness, topographic, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wettability analyses. Quantitative wear measurements were performed on both steatites and discs. To measure wear of steatites the weight before and after the test and the diameter after the test were used. Profilometer measurements were performed to determine the wear on discs. Roughness, volumetric wear and mass loss were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (5%), while contact angle values were analyzed with One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (5%). The polished group had the lowest roughness means, being statistically different from the other groups (p-value=0.0001). The glazed group presented the lowest steatite volumetric wear (p-value=0.0001), but not statistically different from the polished and glazed group, whereas these groups presented the highest zirconia volumetric wear, with statistically different (p-value=0.0002) compared to the others. SEM showed irregularities on the control groups surface, grooves on the polished group, and a homogeneous surface for the glazed group with a few pores. All groups presented contact angles lower than 90 degrees, characterizing hydrophilic surfaces. It can be concluded that just glazed zirconia caused less wear on the antagonist when compared to no finish and polished zirconia.

The wear performance of glazed and polished full contour zirconia

Abstract This study evaluated the influence of zirconia surface finishes on the wear of an enamel analogue. 40 zirconia discs were divided into four groups: control (without finish); glazed; polished; polished and glazed. All samples were subjected to wear against steatite antagonists. The specimens underwent roughness, topographic, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wettability analyses. Quantitative wear measurements were performed on both steatites and discs. To measure wear of steatites the weight before and after the test and the diameter after the test were used. Profilometer measurements were performed to determine the wear on discs. Roughness, volumetric wear and mass loss were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (5%), while contact angle values were analyzed with One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (5%). The polished group had the lowest roughness means, being statistically different from the other groups (p-value=0.0001). The glazed group presented the lowest steatite volumetric wear (p-value=0.0001), but not statistically different from the polished and glazed group, whereas these groups presented the highest zirconia volumetric wear, with statistically different (p-value=0.0002) compared to the others. SEM showed irregularities on the control groups surface, grooves on the polished group, and a homogeneous surface for the glazed group with a few pores. All groups presented contact angles lower than 90 degrees, characterizing hydrophilic surfaces. It can be concluded that just glazed zirconia caused less wear on the antagonist when compared to no finish and polished zirconia.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a influência dos acabamentos superficiais da zircônia no desgaste de um análogo de esmalte. 40 discos de zircônia foram divididos em quatro grupos: controle (sem acabamento); glazeado; polido; polido e glazeado. Todas as amostras foram submetidas ao desgaste contra antagonistas de esteatita. Os espécimes foram submetidos à análise de rugosidade, topografia, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e análise de molhabilidade. Medidas quantitativas de desgaste foram realizadas nos antagonistas e nos discos de zircônia. Para medir o desgaste das esteatitas, foi mensurado o peso antes e depois do desgaste e o diâmetro após o teste. A análise de perfilometria mensurou o desgaste dos discos. Rugosidade, desgaste volumétrico e perda de massa foram analisados pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn (5%), enquanto os valores de ângulo de contato foram analisados com os testes One-way ANOVA e Tukey (5%). O grupo polido apresentou as menores médias de rugosidade, sendo estatisticamente diferente dos demais grupos (p-valor=0,0001). O grupo glazeado apresentou o menor desgaste volumétrico do antagonista (p-valor=0,0001), mas não foi estatisticamente diferente do grupo polido e glazeado, enquanto que esses grupos apresentaram o maior desgaste volumétrico da zircônia, com diferença estatisticamente diferente (p-valor=0,0002) em comparação com os outros. MEV mostrou irregularidades na superfície do grupo controle, sulcos no grupo polido e uma superfície homogênea para o grupo glazeado, com poucos poros. Todos os grupos apresentaram ângulos de contato menores que 90 graus, caracterizando superfícies hidrofílicas. Dentro das limitações deste estudo in vitro, é possível concluir que zircônia glazeada causou menos desgaste ao antagonista quando comparada a zircônia sem tratamento ou polida. Além disso, não foi encontrada diferença no desgaste do antagonista para os grupos de zirconia polida e controle.

In vitro wear of a zirconium-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic against different restorative materials.

It is important to predict the wear behavior of a material as well as its potential to wear antagonized restorative materials. Thus, this study investigated the performance of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) after wear with different antagonists. Thirty discs of ZLS were made and divided into three groups according to the antagonist (n = 10). Ten cylinders of each antagonist were also made. The parameters for the simulation of wear were: 30N, horizontal movement of 6 mm, and 1.7 Hz, totaling 300,000 cycles, in distilled water. Wear measurements (volume losses (mm3)) on the ZLS and antagonists were performed by digital optical profilometry or an analytical balance. Hardness of all materials was also measured, whereas roughness and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were only accessed for the ZLS. The wear and hardness values were subjected to one-way ANOVA and the Tukey Test (95%), while the roughness data was analyzed with paired T-test (95%). The hardness means of all materials were statistically different (zirconia > steatite = ZLS > acrylic resin) (p = 0.0001). Zirconia and steatite severely worn ZLS and only acrylic resin worn surfaces could be measured for roughness, which was significantly higher after wear (p = 0.007). SEM showed the ZLS's wear tracks when worn by steatite and zirconia. It was possible to observe differences of ZLS wear patterns depending on the antagonist and quantify the volumes worn with steatite (17.61 ±â€¯2.65) and zirconia (41.98 ±â€¯19.45), which were significantly different (p = 0.001). Acrylic resin promoted a superficial wear on ZLS that could not be quantified. In terms of the antagonists' materials, zirconia presented significantly different less volume loss compared to acrylic resin and steatite (p = 0.000). It can be concluded that zirconia caused more wear on ZLS than steatite and acrylic resin.

Bioinspired silica-infiltrated zirconia bilayers: Strength and interfacial bonding.

Conventionally veneered zirconia restorations are susceptible to chipping and spalling of the veneering material. The novel translucent zirconias were developed to overcome such issues, although layered zirconia restorations can be re-designed to improve mechanical performance. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the strength and structural reliability of zirconia bilayers using conventional (porcelain ceramic under tensile stress) and bioinspired (zirconia under tensile stress) configurations. Sol-gel silica infiltration served as a smooth transition between the zirconia and veneering porcelain. Failure mode and interfacial adhesive mechanism were analyzed using scratch test and interfacial indentation. Bilayered specimens were produced for biaxial flexural testing with Y-TZP and pressed ceramic, which were further divided into four groups (n = 30): Conventional (C), Infiltrated conventional (IC), Bioinspired (B) and Infiltrated bioinspired (IB). The results of biaxial flexural strength tests were analyzed by Weibull analysis (95% CI) for determination of the Weibull modulus (m). The infiltration layer was characterized by XRD and SEM, FEG-SEM and EDS. The bioinspired infiltrated group was the most reliable (m = 9.59), although the fine damage of veneered conventional (conventional) zirconia demonstrated its superior resistance to scratching and debonding. Therefore, the filling of superficial defects by zirconia silicate demonstrated the need for mechanical retention for better porcelain adhesion.

Resistência à flexão biaxial, rugosidade e dureza de zircônias monolíticas: efeito da infiltração de sílica pelo método sol-gel e da simulação do desgaste fisiológico / Biaxial flexural strength, roughness and hardness of monolithic zirconias: effect of silica infiltration by sol-gel method and physiological wear simulation

Este estudo avaliou as propriedades mecânicas (resistência à flexão biaxial e dureza) e de superfície (rugosidade) da zircônia monolítica infiltrada com sílica, glazeada, ou polida. Foram confeccionados 198 discos de zircônia (14 mm de diâmetro, 1,2 mm de espessura). As amostras foram polidas com lixas de SiC #1200 e divididas em três grupos principais (n=66). No primeiro, os discos foram infiltrados com sílica, no segundo foram glazeados e no terceiro foram polidos com borrachas abrasivas. Após isso, foram divididos em dois subgrupos (n=33), nos quais somente um de cada tratamento foi submetido a simulação do desgaste fisiológico com esteatitas. Em seguida, as amostras foram submetidas a análises de rugosidade, dureza e ao ensaio de flexão biaxial (ISO 6872) em água. Também foram realizadas análises de difração de raios-X. Os valores de resistência (MPa) foram ranqueados e submetidos a análise de Weibull para cálculo de módulo e resistência característica dos materiais (IC 95%). As amostras também foram analisadas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura para a visualização do desgaste. Os difractrogramas mostraram que os tratamentos, glaze e infiltrado não induziram a transformação de fase, assim como o desgaste, porém o polimento induziu a formação de uma fase cúbica comprimida na superfície. A MEV mostrou as superfícies das amostras, com a formação de estrias nas amostras polidas, silicato de zircônia nas infiltradas e irregularidades nas glazeadas. Também foi possível verificar a remoção do tratamento de superfície após a simulação do desgaste. O glaze apresentou rugosidade e dureza superior, com diferença significativa, comparado aos demais tratamentos, quando não houve desgaste. Nos grupos com desgaste não houve diferença significativa. Nos resultados do teste de flexão, o grupo que apresentou a maior média foi o polido sem desgaste e após a realização da análise de Weibull, não houve diferença significativa entre eles(AU)

This study evaluated the mechanical properties (biaxial flexural strength and hardness) and surface properties (roughness) of infiltrated, glazed or polished monolithic zirconia. 198 zirconia discs were prepared (14 mm diameter, 1,2 mm thickness). The specimens were polished with SiC abrasive paper #1200, and then specimens were divided into three main groups (n=66). In the first, the discs were infiltrated with silica, in the second were glazed and and in third were polished with abrasive rubbers. Thereon, were divided into two subgroups (n=33), in which only one group of each treatment was subjected to wear with steatite, in order to simulate the physiological wear. The specimens were then subjected to roughness analysis, hardness and biaxial bending test (ISO 6872) immersed in water. The groups were evaluated by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The strength values (MPa) were ranked and subjected to Weibull analysis to calculate the Weibull modulus and characteristic strength of the material (CI 95%). The samples were also analyzed by SEM to visualize the wear. In the XRD, it was showed that the treatments did not induce phase transformation as well as wear, however the polishing induced the formation of a compressed cubic phase on the surface. SEM showed the surfaces of the samples with grooves formation on polished, zirconium silicate on infiltrated and irregularities on glazed. It was also possible to verify the removal of surface treatment after simulated wear. The glaze showed higher roughness amd hardness, with a significant difference compared to the other treatments, when there was no wear. In groups with wear there was no significant difference. The results of the bending test, the group with the highest average was polished without wear and after the Weibull analysis, there was no significant difference among them(AU)

Resina composta em dentes anteriores com hipoplasia do esmalte / Composite resin in anterior teeth with enamel hypoplasia

Em pacientes que apresentam manchas brancas intrínsecas superficiais no esmalte, a microabrasão apresenta-se como alternativa de tratamento mais conservadora e com excelentes resultados estéticos, além de ser procedimento rápido e de fácil execução. Contudo, dependendo da profundidade das manchas, outros tratamentos poderão ser planejados. Associar a técnica do clareamento dental exógeno à microabrasão pode ser uma alternativa. Este trabalho relata, por meio de um caso clínico, a associação da técnica de clareamento dental caseiro, microabrasão do esmalte e finalização estética com resina composta em dentes anteriores com manchas hipoplásicas.

Microabrasion is a conservative, time-saving, and easy to perform treatment alternative for patients presenting intrinsic white spots on the enamel surface, with excellent esthetic results. However, depending on the depth of the spots, other types of treatment can be planned. The association of the technique of tooth bleaching and microabrasion can be an excelent alternative to improve satisfaction on the patients. This case report shows the association of a home-bleaching technique, microabrasion and composite resin restorations in anterior teeth with hypoplastic spots.